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Define nutrition and balanced diet
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State the 7 nutrients needed in a balanced diet and what these nutrients are needed for
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Describe the effect that age, sex, activity, pregnancy and breast feeding have on dietary requirements
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State how saturated fat is linked to high cholesterol and heart disease
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Describe how the lack of fibre is linked to bowel cancer
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State how fibre is linked to reducing the risk of heart disease.
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State what the unit of energy is
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Use the body mass index to tell if someone is obese
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State what diseases are linked to obesity
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Describe the difference between malnutrition and starvation
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State the importance of Vitamin C, D, iron and calcium and the deficiency symptoms that results from a lack of them.
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Define ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion
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Define and label where chemical and mechanical digestion take place
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Identify and name the 4 types of teeth and what they are used for,
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Describe the structure of a tooth
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Explain how plaque is formed and the steps in tooth decay
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Describe the proper care of teeth, and the use of fluoride
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Describe the events that occur in the mouth
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State what saliva comprises
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Describe swallowing
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Describe peristalsis, including the contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscles
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Describe the digestion of food in the stomach
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State what the sphincter muscles do
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State what chyme is
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Describe where bile is made, stored and released and how it helps with digestion
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Describe what is in pancreatic juice and what the different enzymes do
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State what the 3 parts of the small intestine are called, discussing digestion in the duodenum and absorption in the ileum
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Explain the structure of a villus
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Explain how the ileum is adapted for absorption
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State the functions of the liver and how the liver is involved in assimilation
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Describe the large intestine and its function
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Explain how cholera is transmitted and how it causes diarrhoea and dehydration
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Explain what oral rehydration therapy is and how it works.
